नासा ने एस्टरॉयड के जो सैम्पल इकट्ठा किए हैं उनमें न केवल जीवन की नींव रखने वाले तत्व हैं बल्कि कुछ ऐसे नमकीन अवशेष भी हैं जो किसी पुराने गीले जगत का प्रमाण देते हैं। यानि सौरमंडल में कोई और भी ऐसा ग्रह है जहां पर कभी पानी रहा होगा। नतीजे पुख्ता प्रमाण दे रहे हैं कि एस्टरॉयड ही वे खगोलीय पिंड हैं जिन्होंने धरती पर जीवन के बीज बोए होंगे।

Discovered on New Year’s Eve 2020, the Champagne Cluster is a striking pair of colliding galaxy clusters revealed through combined X-ray and optical observations. NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory shows superheated gas stretched and distorted, exposing a massive cosmic collision hidden from visible light alone. Studied by UC Davis astronomers, the system offers a rare natural laboratory to explore how dark matter behaves during cluster mergers. Understanding such violent encounters could help unlock fundamental clues about the universe’s largest structures.

NASA’s Curiosity rover has released a festive holiday postcard from Mars, blending a Martian sunrise and sunset into a single panoramic image. Captured on November 18, 2025, the view combines a blue-tinted morning sky with a golden afternoon hue, showcasing Gale Crater in striking detail. Created by stitching images taken hours apart, the artistic panorama continues Curiosity’s tradition of seasonal greetings. Beyond its visual charm, the image highlights the rover’s long scientific legacy and NASA’s efforts to connect the public with ongoing Mars exploration.

Astronomers using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope have found compelling evidence that TOI-561b, an ultra-hot rocky exoplanet orbiting its star every 11 hours, still retains a dense atmosphere. Temperatures measured on both its day and night sides are far lower than expected for a bare rock, implying powerful winds and efficient heat transport. The discovery challenges existing theories of planetary evolution and suggests magma oceans may help replenish atmospheres even under extreme stellar radiation.

A wave of launch failures marked the global space race in 2025, with rockets from the US, China, Japan, India, South Korea and Europe suffering fiery mishaps. From Starship test explosions to failed orbital insertions and crashed lunar landers, setbacks underscored the risks of rapid innovation.

MIT researchers have developed a 3D-printable aluminum alloy that is five times stronger than conventional cast aluminum. Created using machine learning and rapid 3D-printing techniques, the metal remains stable at high temperatures. The breakthrough could replace heavier and costlier materials in aircraft engines, vehicles, and advanced industrial systems.

Celestis, a Texas-based pioneer of space memorial services, is preparing its next deep-space mission, Infinite Flight, scheduled for late 2026. Launched aboard Stoke Space’s fully reusable Nova rocket from Cape Canaveral, the mission will carry cremated remains and DNA samples beyond the Moon into a permanent solar orbit. Part of Celestis’s Voyager programme, the one-way journey will send memorial capsules as far as 185 million miles from Earth. Infinite Flight follows the company’s 2024 Enterprise Flight and continues nearly three decades of space-burial innovation.

The Japanese H3 rocket failed to place the Michibiki 5 satellite in orbit, marking the second launch failure in seven missions.

NASA astronauts will conduct two spacewalks in January outside the International Space Station. Tasks include preparing for the roll-out of solar array installation, replacing cameras, and relocating fluid system jumpers. The spacewalks, part of Expedition 74, are critical for station maintenance, upgrades, and future operations, with the first spacewalk marking Cardman’s debut and Fincke’s tenth.

The Arctic is warming faster than anywhere on Earth, and new research reveals why. Using aircraft and ground measurements, scientists found that openings in sea ice boost cloud formation while pollution from oil fields alters Arctic chemistry. Together, these processes form powerful feedback loops that trap heat and speed ice loss. The findings highlight how local Arctic changes can ripple outward, shaping global climate and weather far beyond the polar regions.

Scientists developed a new electrochemical method that doubles hydrogen output while lowering energy use by 40 percent. By adding organic molecules and a modified catalyst, the process creates extra hydrogen and useful byproducts, offering a sustainable, efficient path for industrial hydrogen production and potentially transforming clean energy approaches worldwide.

Scientists have confirmed the most distant supernova ever observed, exploding just 730 million years after the Big Bang. Detected through a powerful gamma-ray burst and later verified by the James Webb Space Telescope, the event offers a rare glimpse of the deaths of the universe’s first stars during the era of reionisation and challenges expectations about early stellar explosions.

ISRO is developing a third launchpad at its Sriharikota spaceport to support heavier satellites and next-generation launch vehicles. The facility is expected to be commissioned within four years and will strengthen India’s ability to handle future crewed and uncrewed missions. The expansion reflects ISRO’s long-term plans to scale up launch capacity and infrastructure.

A microgravity experiment aboard the International Space Station is helping scientists understand how particles move and cluster without gravity. Conducted inside the station’s laboratory, the study could improve space safety, support future Moon and Mars missions, and deepen understanding of Earth-based processes such as pollution, pollen spread, and ocean dynamics.

Fusion energy may have an unexpected cosmic role beyond clean power. A new study suggests fusion reactors could produce axions, hypothetical dark matter particles, when high-energy neutrons from fusion reactions strike reactor walls. These interactions may generate axions that escape shielding undetected. Scientists propose future fusion plants could double as dark matter laboratories, with nearby detectors searching for rare axion signals. Even without detection, such experiments could place important limits on dark matter theories.

The year 2025 proved extraordinary for astronomy, delivering discoveries that stretched from our cosmic backyard to distant galaxies. Scientists tracked Comet 3I/ATLAS, only the third known interstellar object, while nearby stars like Barnard’s Star and Alpha Centauri revealed new planetary companions. On Mars, strange “leopard spots” raised hopes of ancient microbial life.

The platinum-bismuth-two crystal exhibits superconductivity only on its surfaces, with a unique six-fold electron pairing pattern. Its edges host Majorana particles, offering potential for topological quantum computing. PtBi₂ provides a rare and clear example of a topological superconductor, opening new avenues in both fundamental physics and future quantum technologies.

Astronomers marked a milestone year as confirmed exoplanets surpassed 6,000 in 2025. Discoveries ranged from planets orbiting two suns to worlds losing their atmospheres or forming in real time. The findings reshaped ideas about how planets form, survive, and evolve across the Milky Way.

A microchip device precisely controls laser light while consuming far less power, making large-scale quantum computers feasible. Produced using standard CMOS fabrication, it enables mass production of photonic devices, allowing thousands of qubits to be controlled efficiently. This innovation paves the way for scalable, integrated quantum computing and advanced photonic platforms.

A red giant star orbiting a quiet black hole spins faster than expected, while internal vibrations reveal it is younger than its ancient chemistry suggests. These findings hint at a past stellar merger and challenge existing models of star evolution in low-metal environments. Future observations aim to confirm its complex cosmic history.

Astronauts aboard the International Space Station marked Christmas in orbit by sending a warm video message to Earth. Members of Expedition 74 shared festive traditions, reflected on being away from home, and joked about orbiting higher than Santa. The crew highlighted teamwork, global support, and the spirit of togetherness that defines life in space.

The 2025 Arctic Report Card shows the Arctic is warming faster than expected, with record heat, shrinking ice, stronger storms, and rusting rivers. Scientists warn that rising temperatures are reshaping ecosystems, threatening water safety, and increasing risks for Arctic communities. The changes highlight how quickly climate impacts are unfolding, with consequences reaching far beyond the polar region.

Researchers have redesigned carbon molecules in batteries, creating a covalently bridged fullerene framework that stores lithium more safely and stably. The innovation could enable faster charging, higher energy density, and longer-lasting batteries, benefiting electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and renewable-energy storage. Real-world implementation and industry collaboration are planned to bring this lab breakthrough to practical use.

Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS reveals rare wobbling jets in its sun-facing anti-tail, stretching over 620,000 miles. Observed from July to September 2025, the jets indicate the comet’s icy core rotates once every 15.5 hours. As only the third interstellar object known, 3I/ATLAS provides unique insights into cometary behaviour and formation in distant planetary systems.

Google’s Project Suncatcher aims to build a solar-powered AI data center in space. Experts warn the crowded Sun-synchronous orbit poses high collision risks from space debris, and without autonomous safeguards, even a single impact could trigger a cascade, scattering millions of fragments. This project underscores the urgent need for orbital debris management.

ISRO successfully launched the 6.1-tonne BlueBird Block-2 communications satellite for US firm AST SpaceMobile using its LVM3 rocket. The mission set a new payload record for an Indian launcher and showcased India’s growing role in commercial heavy-lift launches and space-based cellular connectivity.

Astrophysicists mapped the invisible universe by studying warped galaxies, revealing dark matter distribution and dark energy behaviour, supporting the standard cosmology model, and enabling new cosmic insights.

Venus appears so bright in the sky due to reflective sulfuric acid clouds, its closeness to Earth, and sunlight scattering that creates optical effects like a glory.

South Korean startup Innospace failed during its first orbital launch attempt as the Hanbit-Nano rocket crashed about a minute after liftoff from Brazil. The mission marked the country’s first private orbital launch effort and carried satellites from Brazil and India. The cause of the failure remains unclear, and the company is expected to investigate the anomaly.

A SpaceX Starlink satellite suffered a major in-orbit failure in December 2025, losing communication after venting its fuel tank and beginning an uncontrolled orbital descent. The malfunction caused the satellite’s altitude to drop and produced minor debris, prompting close tracking by SpaceX, NASA and the U.S. Space Force. High-resolution imagery from Maxar/Vantor’s WorldView-3 satellite confirmed the spacecraft was largely intact. The incident highlights both the risks of large satellite constellations and the growing role of rapid orbital monitoring in space safety.

Russia’s Energia rocket company has patented a rotating space station concept designed to generate artificial gravity for astronauts. The system would use spinning habitable modules to simulate half of Earth’s gravity, potentially reducing health risks linked to long missions as the International Space Station nears retirement.

Astronomers have detected strange wobbling jets in the rare sun-facing tail of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS. Observed as the comet neared the Sun, the shifting jets reveal new details about how material escapes from comets formed around other stars, offering rare insight into alien planetary systems.

POSTECH researchers have developed a “dream battery” using magnetic control of lithium to prevent dendrite formation. The hybrid anode stores lithium safely, offers four times the capacity of graphite, and sustains stable cycling, creating a safer high-energy solution for EVs and energy storage.

Scientists warn global warming may overshoot, triggering extreme cooling and possibly the next ice age through ocean carbon and nutrient cycles.

ISRO successfully launched the US-built BlueBird Block-2 communications satellite aboard its heavy-lift LVM3 rocket from Sriharikota. Weighing 6.1 tonnes, the satellite was placed into a 520-kilometre low Earth orbit to support space-based cellular broadband for smartphones. The fully commercial mission, conducted for AST SpaceMobile, highlights India’s rising stature as a reliable and competitive launch provider in the global space industry.

NASA’s SPHEREx telescope has completed its first all-sky map, revealing hundreds of millions of galaxies and providing data to study the universe’s origin, evolution, and distribution of life-essential elements across cosmic history.

A robotic arm mastered 1,000 manipulation tasks in one day using MT3 imitation learning, requiring only one demonstration per task and minimal data.

Blue Origin has made history by launching the first wheelchair user to space and safely returning her to Earth. Aerospace engineer Michi Benthaus flew aboard the company’s New Shepard rocket on a brief suborbital mission. The successful flight highlights expanding access to space as commercial missions increasingly include diverse passengers.

Astronomers studying aging Sun-like stars have found strong evidence that stars consume their closest planets as they evolve. Using data from NASA’s TESS mission, researchers observed fewer planets around older stars, suggesting worlds are destroyed over time. The findings offer a realistic preview of Earth’s fate billions of years from now.

A new ionic liquid additive developed by researchers at Purdue and Emory universities could transform perovskite solar technology. The compound stabilises crystal growth and buried interfaces, dramatically slowing heat- and light-driven degradation. Solar cells treated with the additive retained about 90% of their efficiency after 1,500 hours at 90°C, outperforming previous records. The approach is compatible with scalable manufacturing, bringing durable, low-cost perovskite photovoltaics closer to real-world use.

Curiosity’s drive through Monte Grande hollow reveals polygon-covered bedrock, enabling detailed imaging, chemical analysis, and 3D modeling of Martian fractures.

Betelgeuse’s unusual dimming and the Crab Nebula’s remnants offer insight into stellar death and rebirth. Composite images from multiple telescopes show gas filaments and a neutron star, illustrating how massive stars explode, enrich space with heavy elements, and seed future star formation. These observations help scientists trace stellar life cycles in the universe.

Hubble has captured a glowing plume of gas escaping the spiral galaxy NGC 4388 in the Virgo cluster. Moving through hot intracluster gas, the galaxy sheds material, partially energised by its central black hole. Multi-wavelength observations reveal the impact of both environmental forces and central activity on galaxy evolution.

NASA’s PUNCH mission has captured striking views of Comet Lemmon as it passed close to the Sun in late 2025. The observations show how solar wind and eruptions reshape a comet’s tail, sometimes causing it to break and regrow. The images provide valuable insight into how solar activity affects objects across the inner solar system.

Scientists at the National University of Singapore have developed an electricity-driven method to insert nitrogen into stable carbon rings, enabling greener synthesis of valuable heterocycles. Published in Nature Synthesis, the approach avoids harsh chemicals, reduces waste, and allows access to key drug-ready molecular frameworks under mild conditions.

Astronomers have directly observed a black hole twisting spacetime for the first time, confirming Einstein’s long-standing prediction. The effect was detected during a violent stellar destruction event, where repeating X-ray and radio signals revealed a slow cosmic wobble. The discovery provides new insight into black hole spin, jets, and extreme gravity.

Astronomers using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope have witnessed rare collisions between rocky bodies in the Fomalhaut system. The glowing debris clouds created by these impacts offer a unique glimpse into how planets form and highlight challenges in identifying true exoplanets.

After ten years of experiments, physicists found no evidence for the sterile neutrino, once thought to explain unusual neutrino behaviour. The MicroBooNE experiment at Fermilab analysed neutrinos from two beams and ruled out the particle with 95% certainty. The findings narrow the search for new physics and inform future experiments like DUNE.

NASA’s PUNCH mission released images tracking solar eruptions from the Sun’s corona into interplanetary space. The data reveals CMEs and solar wind dynamics and supports better space weather forecasting for Earth and beyond.

A SpaceX Starlink satellite is tumbling toward Earth after an orbital anomaly caused partial breakup and loss of contact. The company says the spacecraft will safely burn up during reentry, while the incident highlights increasing space safety concerns as satellite numbers continue to grow rapidly.

Researchers in China have demonstrated the first high-temperature superconducting diode, operating above liquid nitrogen temperatures without magnetic fields. Using cuprate materials, the device enables clean supercurrent flow and could reduce noise in quantum computers. The breakthrough marks an important step toward practical superconducting electronics and more stable quantum technologies.