PSR J0922+0638, an ultradense neutron star, shows puzzling rotational glitches every 550 days. Using 22 years of radio data, scientists detected both abrupt and slow changes in its spin. These may be linked to magnetic field cycles or superfluid dynamics deep inside the star. However, the exact cause remains a mystery, demanding continued long-term study.

Astronomers have raised concerns over Starlink’s unintended radio emissions interfering with space observation. A Curtin University study found emissions from SpaceX satellites impacting up to 30% of astronomical data. Experts urge updated regulations to protect radio astronomy, as current rules overlook these non-deliberate signals from satellite constellations like Starlink's.

ISRO successfully launched NISAR with NASA aboard GSLV-F16. The satellite will track Earth’s changes, aid disaster prediction, and support agriculture.

SpaceX successfully launched 28 Starlink V2 Mini satellites into low Earth orbit on July 30, 2025, from Cape Canaveral. The Starlink 10-29 mission lifted off at 11:37 p.m. EDT aboard a Falcon 9 rocket, marking the 96th launch of the year for SpaceX. After payload separation, the rocket’s first stage, booster B1069, landed flawlessly on the droneship “Just Read the Instructions” — its 26th mission, a testament to the company’s reusability strategy.

The Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum has reopened five state-of-the-art galleries, blending historic aviation milestones with futuristic space technology. Highlights include SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket parts, a 3D-printed Mars habitat, and the revived “Friendship 7” capsule. Part of a $900 million overhaul, the exhibits mark a bold step toward the museum’s 50th anniversary in 2026.

In a rare celestial event, NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) captured two eclipses on July 25, 2025. First, at 2:45 UTC, the Moon passed between SDO and the Sun, covering about 62% of the solar disk. Just hours later, around 6:30 UTC, Earth itself blocked the Sun entirely from SDO’s perspective. These dual eclipses occurred during SDO’s eclipse season and were observed in remarkable ultraviolet detail. The Moon’s silhouette appeared sharp, while Earth’s edge looked diffused due to atmospheric scattering. Since 2010, SDO has been a critical tool in observing solar phenomena and helping forecast space weather events.

NASA and ISRO’s NISAR satellite is set to launch on July 30 from India’s Satish Dhawan Space Centre. The mission will use dual-frequency radar (L-band and S-band) to scan nearly all of Earth’s land and ice surfaces every 12 days. Developed by NASA’s JPL and ISRO’s Space Applications Centre, NISAR is the first satellite to carry both radar types, enabling precise tracking of soil moisture, vegetation, and ground motion.

The gas giant TOI-2109b, over five times Jupiter’s mass, is spiraling closer to its star in a rare planetary death spiral. With a 16-hour orbit and blistering heat, the exoplanet could either plunge into its host star, be torn apart by tidal forces, or evolve into a rocky super-Earth through photoevaporation. NASA’s TESS and ESA’s Cheops data confirm its orbit is decaying by 10 seconds every 3 years. TOI-2109b’s extreme case offers astronomers a powerful chance to study how gas giants die—or transform—revealing secrets of planetary evolution across the galaxy.

Hubble has captured images of comet 3I/ATLAS, an ancient interstellar object likely 7 billion years old. As only the third known visitor from beyond the solar system, it offers rare insights into distant planetary systems. With its water ice and D-type asteroid-like dust, 3I/ATLAS is now under global scientific scrutiny before it vanishes back into deep space.

UBTECH’s Walker S2 is a humanoid robot that can replace its own battery, reducing human intervention. Ideal for automation in industries and customer service, this 2025 innovation sets a new benchmark in robotics with its smart energy management and autonomous charging capabilities.

NASA and Lockheed Martin’s X-59 experimental aircraft, engineered for quiet supersonic travel, is undergoing taxi tests at the U.S. Air Force’s Plant 42. Unique features include its AR-enabled camera vision system and a boom-reducing shape. The X-59 continues NASA’s legacy at Plant 42, home to iconic aerospace programs like the F-22 and Space Shuttle assembly.

The presence of unusual plasma waves at Jupiter’s North Pole, detected by NASA’s Juno Spacecraft, has been explained by a group of scientists from the University of Minnesota. The team was led by Rober Lysak, wherein findings have resulted in the identification of the new types of plasma waves.

On July 25, 2025, Russia launched two Ionosfera-M satellites and Iran’s Nahid-2 communication satellite aboard a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from Vostochny. The new Ionosfera-M probes expand Russia’s space weather tracking constellation, while Nahid-2 reflects Iran’s space ambitions. The joint launch highlights deepening space collaboration between Moscow and Tehran amid global tensions and sanctions.

NASA’s JunoCam, once believed nearly lost to Jupiter’s intense radiation, has made a stunning comeback thanks to a bold experiment. Engineers used a process called annealing—heating the camera from afar—to reverse internal damage and restore image clarity. Just in time for a close flyby of the volcanic moon Io, the camera delivered detailed images of lava flows and sulfuric peaks. The breakthrough technique is now being applied to other instruments on Juno and could shape future spacecraft built for radiation-heavy environments around Earth and beyond.

A growing number of rocket launches may be compromising the ozone layer's recovery, according to new scientific studies. Chlorine and soot from rockets, along with pollutants released during satellite re-entry, could have long-term environmental impacts. The space industry is urged to act now—through regulation, innovation, and cleaner fuels—to protect one of Earth's vital protective layers.

The revelation that Mars once had Earth-like rainfall reshapes our understanding of planetary evolution. The insights support the theory that early Mars was far more hospitable than previously believed, possibly housing primitive life forms. The findings could guide future missions like NASA’s Perseverance in locating signs of fossilised organisms.

SpaceX launched two mPOWER internet satellites into medium Earth orbit and landed its Falcon 9 booster on a ship in the Atlantic, marking its 89th Falcon mission of the year. The satellites will expand SES’s global network as the company moves closer to completing its 13-satellite constellation for advanced internet coverage worldwide.

Astronomers have finally spotted Betelgeuse’s hidden companion star, ending a 1,000-year mystery about its six-year dimming cycle. Using Gemini North’s advanced imaging, researchers captured the first image of the elusive companion orbiting deep within Betelgeuse’s atmosphere. The discovery solves a stellar puzzle and offers new insight into red supergiant systems.

On Tuesday, July 22, 2025, Earth will complete its rotation 1.34 milliseconds faster than the usual 24 hours, scientists say. That will make it the second-shortest day ever recorded, just behind July 10, 2025. The trend of shorter days has accelerated since 2020, attributed to factors like the Moon’s position, mass shifts from melting ice, and atmospheric changes.

Scientists have successfully grown algae in bioplastic chambers under Mars-like conditions, marking a step toward sustainable habitats for astronauts. The chambers, made from polylactic acid, supported photosynthesis and stabilized liquid water. This breakthrough suggests self-replicating biomaterials could reduce Earth-based resupply, advancing long-term space colonization and offering new paths for sustainable technologies on Earth.

NASA is developing scalable, modular satellite platforms to reduce cost and accelerate science missions. The Athena EPIC spacecraft, built from eight “Satlet” modules, shares control systems among instruments, simplifying integration. Slated to launch in 2025 on a SpaceX rideshare, Athena aims to cut costs from billions to millions per mission. Other NASA programs like PTD and CLICK show similar promise using CubeSat-based designs. These small satellites allow for faster development, lower risk, and greater scientific return—especially for climate and weather observations. NASA says these systems represent a “less traditional, more efficient path to launch” for the next generation of sensors.

NASA’s TRACERS satellites will fly in tandem through Earth’s polar cusps to study magnetic storms and solar wind effects. The mission aims to improve predictions of space weather events that threaten satellites, power grids, and astronauts, offering new insight into magnetic reconnection and helping protect vital systems from the hazards of intense solar activity.

LHCb at CERN reports first CP violation in baryons—a 2.45% decay asymmetry—offering new clues to matter–antimatter imbalance. This result, statistically significant at 5.2σ, confirms fundamental physics theories while opening fresh avenues for exploring the matter–antimatter imbalance that shaped our Universe.

NASA/ESA’s Hubble Space Telescope has released a stunning new image of Abell 209, a massive galaxy cluster 2.8 billion light-years away in Cetus. The golden cluster houses over 100 galaxies, but beneath them lies an invisible web of hot gas and dark matter. Using gravitational lensing, Hubble reveals curved arcs of light from background galaxies, helping astronomers map unseen mass. The image—taken with Hubble’s ACS and WFC3 cameras—blends optical and infrared views, offering sharp cosmic detail. The findings aid our understanding of dark matter, dark energy, and how the universe evolves under their influence.

For the first time, scientists have detected lithium in Mercury’s exosphere using magnetic wave signatures found in MESSENGER spacecraft data. The findings link lithium’s release to meteoroid impacts that vaporise planetary material, offering fresh insight into volatile element delivery. This breakthrough reshapes our understanding of Mercury’s surface chemistry and thin atmospheric dynamics across airless planetary bodies

A team of Indian astronomers has successfully explained the rare aurora seen over Ladakh, caused by intense solar activity and CME collisions. The event, captured in May 2024, was traced using global data and advanced solar models, offering new insights into space weather forecasting and solar storm impacts on Earth.

A high-resolution climate model reveals that a 1°C global temperature rise could drive Arctic warming up to 5°C and intensify rainfall extremes in regions like the Himalayas and Andes. The simulation offers vital regional insights for climate adaptation, disaster risk management, and infrastructure planning in vulnerable zones, including small islands and mountain communities.

A stunning new image from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope reveals that ancient star cluster NGC 1786—located 160,000 light-years away in the Large Magellanic Cloud—hosts stars of varying ages. Once believed to contain a single generation of stars, NGC 1786 now appears to preserve a more complex stellar history. This multi-age discovery suggests that early galaxies may have formed stars in stages, not all at once. By comparing it to Milky Way clusters, astronomers hope to retrace how both galaxies evolved. The findings provide fresh insight into how galaxies like ours grew through gradual star formation and mergers.

Brookhaven’s sPHENIX detector at RHIC has released its first results from gold-ion collisions, confirming accurate detection of particle counts and energy levels. These measurements validate the detector’s performance and lay the groundwork for exploring quark–gluon plasma (QGP)—a primordial state of matter from the early universe. With baseline data established, sPHENIX will now track high-energy jets to investigate how quarks and gluons behave in the QGP. The upcoming 2025 run will exploit the detector’s full capabilities, offering key insights that complement high-energy studies at CERN’s LHC.

NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory has captured a rare glimpse of TOI 1227 b, a young, Jupiter-sized exoplanet losing its atmosphere under intense stellar radiation. Just 8 million years old, the planet is shrinking rapidly as X-rays strip away its mass. Scientists warn it may become a barren rocky core in about a billion years.

A meteorite strike in northern Arizona may have triggered a massive Grand Canyon landslide 56,000 years ago. Researchers found ancient driftwood and lake sediments indicating a paleolake formed after the Colorado River was dammed. The study suggests seismic waves from the Meteor Crater impact caused the landslide. Findings were published in the journal Geology.

Gemini North has imaged 3I/ATLAS, the third interstellar object to enter our solar system. Larger than its predecessors and possibly older than our solar system, the comet will pass closest to the Sun on Oct. 30 before returning to deep space. Scientists worldwide are racing to gather data during its brief visit.

NASA has grounded Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner until at least 2026 following critical malfunctions during its June 2024 crewed test flight. The mission was cut short due to multiple thruster failures and helium pressurization leaks. NASA decided to bring Starliner back to Earth empty, leaving the astronauts on the ISS for safety. Engineers traced the issues to thermal damage in thruster housings and are now testing fixes, including added insulation. Starliner may require another uncrewed test before resuming crewed flights. Meanwhile, the program has gone billions over budget. Despite setbacks, NASA continues to support Starliner as a needed backup to SpaceX’s Crew Dragon for ISS rotations.

A landmark experiment has shown magic state distillation using logical qubits, solving a 20-year challenge in quantum computing. This finding from QuEra, published in Nature, strengthens the foundation for error-corrected, scalable quantum machines.

NASA and India’s ISRO are set to launch NISAR, a first-of-its-kind Earth-observing satellite equipped with advanced dual-band radar. Scheduled to lift off no earlier than late July 2025 from Sriharikota, India, NISAR will map nearly all of Earth’s land and ice every 12 days, capturing surface changes with centimeter-level precision. Its L-band and S-band radar systems can penetrate clouds, vegetation, and even soil, making it ideal for monitoring natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and landslides. NISAR will deliver critical data for climate studies, disaster response, and land-use planning—marking a major step in global Earth science collaboration.

China’s Tianwen 2 spacecraft, now millions of kilometers from Earth, captured distant images of Earth and the moon as it journeys to asteroid Kamo'oalewa. Set to collect samples by 2026 and return them in 2027, the mission could reveal insights into the solar system’s formation—before continuing on to a second deep-space target, comet 311P/PANSTARRS.

A massive July 15 filament eruption from the sun’s limb carved a 250,000‑mile‑long plasma canyon captured by NASA’s SDO. The spectacular rift, formed as magnetic fields realigned, featured 12,400‑mile‑high plasma walls. Although the eruption launched a coronal mass ejection into space, SOHO and GOES‑19 imagery confirm it’s heading away from Earth, posing no geomagnetic threat.

NASA’s Crew-11 astronauts have entered the final stage before launch: a two-week quarantine designed to prevent illness before their mission to the ISS. Led by commander Zena Cardman, the four-person team also includes Nick Hague, Thomas Pesquet (ESA), and Alexander Grebenkin (Roscosmos). The team will launch no earlier than July 31 from Kennedy Space Center aboard a SpaceX Crew Dragon. Once aboard the ISS, Crew-11 will carry out six months of science research, including biotech, algae cell division, bacteriophage therapy, and stem cell experiments—all aimed at improving health in space and on Earth.

NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope have captured a dramatic cosmic event: a baby exoplanet, TOI 1227 b, is being stripped of its atmosphere by powerful X-rays from its host star. Only 8 million years old and orbiting a red dwarf, this Jupiter-sized planet is losing gas at a rate equal to Earth’s entire atmosphere every 200 years. Astronomers believe the planet may eventually shrink into a barren rocky core. The discovery offers a rare, real-time glimpse into atmospheric erosion and shows how intense radiation from young stars plays a key role in shaping the long-term fate of planetary systems.

The transverse Thomson effect, a thermoelectric phenomenon theorised nearly 100 years ago, has been observed experimentally for the first time. Scientists demonstrated its unique ability to switch between heating and cooling, opening new possibilities for advanced thermal management systems.

China has launched the Tianzhou 9 cargo spacecraft carrying 7.2 tons of supplies, including upgraded spacesuits and scientific equipment, to support the Shenzhou 20 crew aboard the Tiangong space station. The mission marks China’s ninth cargo flight and highlights its ongoing investment in maintaining a long-term human presence and scientific research capability in low Earth orbit.

The GW231123 event marks the most massive black hole merger ever detected through gravitational waves, involving black holes of 100 and 140 solar masses. Observed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network, it challenges current black hole formation models with extreme mass and spin, suggesting a complex origin. Scientists believe its full implications may take years to decode.

NASA’s Parker Solar Probe has achieved a solar milestone by capturing the closest-ever images of the Sun, taken just 3.8 million miles from its surface in December 2024. These WISPR images reveal unprecedented details of the corona, solar wind, and CME collisions. Scientists say this breakthrough will improve our ability to forecast space weather and understand the Sun’s magnetic structure. The probe’s findings confirm theories about slow solar wind origins and the dynamics of solar eruptions—critical knowledge for protecting satellites, astronauts, and power grids from solar storms.

Astronomers have discovered that Uranus emits 12% more heat than it receives from sunlight, contradicting past data from Voyager 2. The internal warmth likely comes from leftover energy in the planet’s core, offering clues to its tilt and interior structure. This unexpected heat has intensified calls for a flagship NASA mission to Uranus. Scientists say such a mission could launch an atmospheric probe and orbit the planet for years, studying its composition, rings, and many moons. As ice giants are common in exoplanetary systems, Uranus may hold secrets to planetary formation.

Using JWST, astronomers discovered a black hole between two galaxy cores in the Infinity Galaxy—possibly the first direct evidence of a black hole formed by gas collapse, not stellar death. This rare “heavy seed” black hole challenges standard models and could help explain how supermassive black holes appeared so soon after the Big Bang.

The European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope has captured the clearest images so far of comet 3I/ATLAS, an interstellar visitor first spotted on July 1, 2025. Identified by its hyperbolic orbit, the comet is only the third interstellar object recorded passing through our solar system. The VLT’s deep image and timelapse confirm it is active, with a visible coma. Astronomers will lose sight of it during its October approach, but plan to resume observations in December. Researchers hope to unlock clues about its origin and how it compares to previous interstellar comets.

The Axiom Space Ax-4 mission concluded as SpaceX’s Dragon capsule Grace brought four astronauts back to Earth after more than 2.5 weeks on the ISS. Commanded by Peggy Whitson, the crew conducted 60 experiments. The capsule safely splashes down in the Pacific Ocean, marking SpaceX’s second West Coast crew recovery.

A groundbreaking study from University College London and the University of Cambridge reveals that water ice in space, long believed to be completely amorphous due to extreme cold, may actually contain up to 25% crystalline structure. Simulations and X-ray diffraction experiments confirm the presence of nanocrystals in so-called low-density amorphous ice. This surprising finding has significant implications for our understanding of planetary formation, galactic evolution, and how life’s essential ingredients may have traveled to Earth on interstellar ice grains.

In response to severe flooding near Kerrville, Texas, NASA deployed two aircraft equipped with DyNAMITE and UAVSAR sensors. These tools deliver real-time, high-resolution imagery and radar data to aid FEMA and local authorities in search, rescue, and recovery operations.